2021: Year in Review

TITLE: INVESTMENT ADVISER REPRESENTATIVE

TAGS: S&P 500, NASDAQ, Yield Curve, FRB, Rates, Nvidia

The monitor flashed quite a bit of red last month. But the market was seemingly undeterred and pushed higher anyway. Should this continue?

Fixed Income: 2-Yr Treas Yield 3.91% | 10-Yr Treas. Yield 3.91%

The bond markets saw volatility in August as questions mounted about an impromptu rate-cut by the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB). The most meaningful fall came at the beginning of the month. The perceived weakness in jobs data prompted a move to safety as expectations increased for a rate cut. At the time, people were calling for 0.50% before the September meeting. Cooler heads prevailed and the market is now expecting a 0.25% cut in September. The more impressive data point over the last month was the parody reached on the last trading day of August. This was the first time the two closed at parity since July 5^th, 2022! It is still to be determined if rate normalization (higher rates on longer dated fixed income) will prevail. It is a good sign that the anticipated rate cuts are making a large enough impact for us to reach parity.

Equities: Dow Jones 1.76% | S&P 500 2.28% | NASDAQ 0.65%

The market moves that led to a strong month for fixed income signaled weakness for the equity markets. The Nasdaq lost almost four percent in the first week of the month to spend the next two weeks crawling out of that hole. The last week of the month saw the index continue to falter. Strong earnings from bellwether Nvidia (NVDA) was not enough to bolster confidence. Investors seemed to come to the realization that the FRB will likely take a slow methodical path towards rate reductions. That path did not buoy equity markets. In a retracement of the July trades, other major market categories failed to capitalize on weaker large caps:

S&P 400 (Mid Cap Index): 0.21%

Russell 2000 (Small Cap Index): 1.59%

Conclusion

It was, in all, a good month… That’s for two reasons, 1) fixed income made up ground that equities lost, 2) the spread between the 2-yr treasury and the 10-yr treasury reached parity. Something of a signal that the soft landing the FRB is looking for has been achieved. Generally, a recession (that would be evident by this point) would have caused a normalization of the curve.

A Look Ahead…

We see two key reasons to expect further volatility in equity markets during the next month:

The 22.40 price to earnings (P/E) ratio for the S&P 500 will need to narrow further before markets can start a real rally.
September is notoriously the worst month of the year for equities:
- 2023: 5.35%
- 2022: 8.92%
- 2021: 4.89%
- 2020: 4.12%
- 2019: 2.32%

Some logic would point to the high frequency in recent years being a signal that volatility should weaken in September. I find that unlikely given the elevated P/E referenced.

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In many ways, 2021 felt like two years in one. Investing was no exception. Here is a review of the year from our perspective at FFS and what we are looking for from 2022.

Q1 2021

GameStop stole the show early in the year. In an anomaly, a group of Reddit traders took a reasonably good January (up about 3%) and wreaked havoc. The trade was clever, but greed eventually collapsed the trade and caused January to be a down month.

Mass roll out of vaccines dominated the headlines early in the year. People became excited on the hope of a return to normal life. This led to an expectation from investors that GDP was going to grow substantially in 2021. The thought was, as we got back out and spent money, the economy would boom. This led to what was affectionately referred to as the “re-opening” trade.

Q2 2021

The re-opening trade led to concerns about inflation increasing at a fever pitch, at least for a short while. The key term used by the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) repeatedly was transitory… Inflation rose 0.8%, 0.6%, and 0.9% across the quarter and 5.4% YoY through June.

The second quarter also gave us the Delta variant, which proved more virulent than earlier versions of COVID. The onset of Delta put a dampener on the expected re-opening boom over the summer. In effect, this held high inflation at bay… a little.

Q3 2021

As Delta occurrences faded after a few months, focus shifted sharply to supply line disruptions. The Bay of L.A. saw a point where around 86 freighters were anchored in bay waiting to be unloaded. The disruption caused what was expected to be transitory inflation to become more persistent.

September was a busy month for investors. A crisis in Evergrande debt, China’s energy demand, and debt ceiling debates gave reason for pause on equity markets. The S&P 500 fell by as much as 6% intra-month, which was the largest fall for the year.

Q4 2021

Fourth quarter is usually a quarter for growth as the consumer generally has a strong showing, courtesy of the holidays. October saw a market surge as the debt ceiling debate was pushed off to December. Helping matters were corporate earnings from Q3 that largely surpassing estimates.

Jobs perpetually improved across the year and inflation was firming. In response, the FRB decided to start cutting back on the amount of bonds they were buying. Rather than running in fear, the markets applauded the move (by increasing). It was viewed as the FRB avoiding the mis-step of waiting too long to act.

What would be a quarter without COVID, right? Thanksgiving Day the WHO announced a new variant out of Southern Africa named Omicron. This announcement killed any growth seen in November. As December unfolded the news coming out about Omicron was fairly positive. Yes, it was more infectious, but its symptoms appeared to be milder. As a result, there was less fear that Omicron would cause full blown shutdowns and markets regained composure.

2021 Summary

2021 proved to be a profitable year. It represented the first calendar year post recession. Historically year 2 (2022) is a good year as well, but there is a likelihood of diminished returns from 2021. Additionally, 2021 proved to have very low volatility. Something that is likely not to be repeated in 2022.

2022 Landscape

Inflation has persisted, but Q1 should calm down as consumers are historically dormant this time of year. Additionally, the reduced consumption will likely help the supply bottlenecks get cleared up. Yes, the bay of L.A. is still backed up.

Full employment is likely already upon us. December unemployment hit 3.9%. A level historically seen as “full” employment. This means rate hikes are not only a consideration, but a likelihood starting as soon as March. The FRB wants to get ahead of inflation, and they cannot do that without removing accommodation. Additionally, full employment gives them the freedom to focus on inflation.

This environment of FRB rate hikes will likely lend to heightened volatility throughout the year. The lack of a correction last year could mean one early this year. This would allow focus to shift to a strong earnings year and as a result, a strong stock year.